Project Overview

Full Title
ALBE NAWQA

Location
 Roanoke, Chowan, Albemarle, Tar-Pamlico, Neuse, Cape Fear, and White Oak River Basins

Project Chief
Douglas Harned

Period of Project
2001-2010

Team Members
Melinda Chapman
Michelle Moorman
Thomas Cuffney
Ana María García
Gerard McMahon
Eric Staub
Silvia Terziotti

Science Topic:
Increased Population and Water Resources
Groundwater resources
Agriculture and Water Quality
Estuarine and Coastal Processes
Support of Federal and State Programs

USGS IN YOUR STATE

USGS Water Science Centers are located in each state.

Albemarle-Pamlico NAWQA

Reports

Publications by ALBE NAWQA authors as part of the NAWQA program

Beckert, K.A., 2004, The effects of seasonal change and urbanization on macroinvertebrate communities in streams [abs]: John K. Koeppe Undergraduate Research Symposium in Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, November 2.

Caire, M.T., 2003, Examining the recovery of Bolin Creek following the drought of 2002—Effects of urbanization on resilience [abs]: John K. Koeppe Undergraduate Research Symposium in Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, November 14.

Cassingham, Kirsten, and Terziotti, Silvia, 2006, Automating basin delineations utilizing the National Hydrography Dataset: Proceedings of the National Water-Quality Monitoring Council National Monitoring Conference, May 8-12, 2006, San Jose CA.

Coles, J.F., Cuffney, T. F., McMahon, G., and Beaulieu, K.M., 2004, The effects of urbanization on the biological, physical, and chemical characteristics of coastal New England streams: U.S. Geological Survey, Professional Paper 1695, 47 p.

Cross, V.A., Bratton, J.F., Bergeron, Emile, Meunier, J.K., Crusius, John, and Koopmans, Dirk, 2006, Continuous Resistivity Profiling data from the Upper Neuse River Estuary, North Carolina, 2004-2005: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2005-1306, CD-ROM.

Cuffney, T.F., 2003, User's Manual for the National Water-Quality Assessment Program Invertebrate Data Analysis System (IDAS) Software—Version 3: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 03-172, 103 p.

Cuffney, T.F., Gurtz, M.E., and Meador, M.R., 1993, Guidelines for the processing and quality assurance of benthic invertebrate samples collected as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-407, 80 p.
Abstract of the above report with figures.

Cuffney, T.F., Gurtz, M.E., and Meador, M.R., 1993, Methods for collecting benthic invertebrate samples as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-406, 66 p.

Cuffney, T.F., Meador, M.R., Porter, S.D., and Gurtz, M.E., 2000, Responses of physical, chemical, and biological indicators of water quality to a gradient of agricultural land use in the Yakima River Basin, Washington: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment v. 64, p. 259-270.

Cuffney, T.F., Meador, M.R., Porter, S.D., and Gurtz, M.E., 1997, Distribution of fish, benthic invertebrate, and algal communities in relation to physical and chemical conditions, Yakima River Basin, Washington, 1990: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4280, 94 p.
Abstract of the above report with figures.

Cuffney, Thomas F., Robin A. Brightbill, Jason T. May, and Ian R. Waite, Responses of Benthic Macroinvertebrates to Environmental Changes Associated with Urbanization in Nine Metropolitan Areas of the Conterminous United States submitted to Ecological Applications.

Cuffney, T,F., Bilger, M.D., and Haigler, A.M., 2007, Ambiguous taxa: effects on the characterization and interpretation of invertebrate assemblages, J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc., 2007, 26(2):286-307.

Cuffney, T.F., 2006, Validation and regional application of three biologically-based urbanization models in the South Atlantic-Gulf & Tennessee River Basin: Proceedings of the National Water-Quality Monitoring Council National Monitoring Conference, May 8-12, 2006, San Jose CA.

Cuffney, T.F., 2006, Ecological responses of streams to urbanization: a review of results from the U.S. Geological Survey's urban stream (EUSE) studies: Proceedings of the National Water-Quality Monitoring Council National Monitoring Conference, May 8-12, 2006, San Jose CA.

Cuffney, Thomas F., and James A. Falcone, 2008, Derivation of Nationally Consistent Indices Representing Urban Intensity Within and Across Nine Metropolitan Areas of the Conterminous United States, USGS SIR 2008-509

Cuffney, T.F., and Giddings, E.M., Gregory M.B., 2005, Validation and regional application of three biologically based urbanization models in the South Atlantic Gulf and Tennessee River Basins: AGU 2004 Fall Meeting, December 13-17, 2004, San Francisco, California: Supplement to Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, Abstract B43c-0291.

Cuffney, T.F., Harned, D.A., and Giddings, E.M., 2004, Effects of urbanization on the condition of streams in the Piedmont of North Carolina--Responses of benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages: AGU 2004 Fall Meeting, December 13-17, 2004, San Francisco, California: Supplement to Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 85, no. 47, Abstract B11B-0146.

Cuffney, T. F., Zappia, H., Giddings, E. M. P., and Coles, J. F., 2005, Effects of urbanization on benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages in contrasting environmental settings: Boston, Massachusetts; Birmingham, Alabama; and Salt Lake City, Utah: Pages 361-407 in L. R. Brown, R. H. Gray, R. M. Hughes, and M. R. Meador, editors, Effects of urbanization on stream ecosystems. American Fisheries Society, Symposium 47, Bethesda, Maryland.

Eimers, J.L., and Spruill, T.B., 1997, Relating minimum soil infiltration rate to nitrate-nitrogen concentrations in shallow ground water in the Coastal Plain of the Albemarle-Pamlico Drainage Basin, North Carolina and Virginia: Albemarle-Pamlico Estuarine Study Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan Implementation Forum, June 5-6.

Falcone, James, Stewart, Jana, Sobieszczyk, Steven, Dupree, Jean, McMahon, Gerard, and Buell, Gary, 2007, A comparison of natural and urban characteristics and the development of urban intensity indices across six geographic settings: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007–5123, 43 p., 7 apps.

Giddings, E.M., Moorman, M., Cuffney, T.F., McMahon, Gerard, and Harned, D.A., 2007, Selected physical, chemical, and biological data for 30 urbanizing streams in the North Carolina Piedmont ecoregion, 2002—2003: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 279, 14 p.

Giddings, E.M., 2006, Measuring and comparing flow variability in urban streams across environmental settings: Proceedings of the National Water-Quality Monitoring Council National Monitoring Conference, May 8-12, 2006, San Jose CA.

Giddings, E.M., 2005, Hydrologic links among urbanization, channel morphology, aquatic habitat, and macroinvertebrates in North Carolina piedmont streams: abstract and presentation at Fall Meeting of American Geophysical Union, September 5-9, 2005, in San Francisco, CA.

Harden, S.L., Chapman, M.J., and Harned, D.A., 2009, Characterization of groundwater quality based on regional geologic setting in the Piedmont and Blue Ridge Physiographic Provinces, North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009–5149, 32 p.

Harned, D.A., Staub, E.L., Peak, K.L., Tighe, K.M., and Terziotti, Silvia, 2009, Trends in water quality in the Southeastern United States, 1973–2005: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009–5268, 25 p.

Harned, D.A., Staub, E.L, Peak, K.L., Tighe, K.C., and Terziotti, S., 2007, Trends in Stream- Water Quality in the Southeastern United States, Eos Trans. American Geophysical Union, vol. 88, no. 52, Fall Meeting Supplement, Abstract GC13A-0954.

Harned, D.A., Cuffney, and Giddings, E.M., 2007, Effects of urban development on chemical responses in Piedmont steams of North Carolina: (journal article- in preparation).

Harned, D.A. , Staub E., Peak, K., Cassingham K., and Jen P., 2006, Trends in Water-Quality and Nutrient Sources and In-stream Nutrient Loads in the Southeast United States: Proceedings of the National Water-Quality Monitoring Council National Monitoring Conference, May 8-12, 2006, San Jose CA.

Harned, D.A, and Cuffney, T.F., 2005, Effects of urban development on water quality in the Piedmont of North Carolina: Association of landscape variables with water quality: AGU 2004 Fall Meeting, December 5-9, 2005, San Francisco, California: Supplement to Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, Abstract B43C-0297.

Harned, D.A., Cuffney, T.F., Giddings, E.M., and McMahon, Gerard, 2004, Effects of urban development on water quality in the Piedmont of North Carolina--The NAWQA urban land-use gradient study, AGU 2004 Fall Meeting, December 13-17, 2004, San Francisco, California: Supplement to Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, v. 85, no. 47, Abstract B11B-0150.

Harned, D.A, 2003, Water-quality trends in the Neuse River basin, North Carolina, 1974-2003: Transactions of the American Geophysical Union 2003, Eos, Fall Meeting Supplement, Abstract H41F-1048, vol. 84, no. 46, p. F703.

Harned, D.A., 1994, Pesticides in surface and ground water at four sites of intensive tobacco cultivation in the Piedmont of North Carolina: Proceedings of the American Water Resources Association, National Symposium on Water Quality, AWRA TPS-94-4, Chicago, Illinois, November, p. 275-283.

Harned, D.A., 1994, A spatial characterization of nutrient concentrations for the Albemarle-Pamlico Drainage Area, North Carolina and Virginia, Proceedings of the American Geophysical Union 1994 Fall Meeting, Eos, November 1, 1994, p. 247.

Harned, D.A., Atkins, J.B., and Harvill, J.S., 2004, Nutrient mass balance and trends, Mobile River Basin, Alabama, Georgia, and Mississippi: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 40, no. 3, p. 765-793.

Harned, D.A., Newcomb, D.J., Hudson, E.T., and Levine, J.F.,1996, Salinity variation in an estuary used for oyster cultivation in Southeastern North Carolina during the passover of the eye of Hurricane Bertha: Transactions of the American Geophysical Union 1996 Fall Meeting, December 1996, Eos, v. 77, no. 46.

Harned, D.A., and McMahon, Gerard, 1997, Trends in surface-water quality for the Contentnea Creek Basin, 1980–96 [abs]: Proceedings of the Albemarle-Pamlico Estuarine Study Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan Implementation Forum, New Bern N.C., June 5–6, 1997.
Abstract of the above report with figures.

Harned, D.A., and McMahon, Gerard, 1995, Correlation of annual variations in water quality and agricultural practices for subbasins of the Albemarle-Pamlico Drainage Basin, North Carolina and Virginia: American Geophysical Union 1995 Fall Meeting, Eos, November 7, 1995, p. F278.

Harned, D.A., McMahon, Gerard, Spruill, T.B., and Woodside, M.D., 1995, Water-quality assessment of the Albemarle-Pamlico drainage basin, North Carolina and Virginia--Characterization of suspended sediment, nutrients, and pesticides: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-191, 131 p.
Abstract of the above report with figures.

Harned, D.A., Woodside, M.D., Skrobialowski, S.C., Ruhl, P.M., and Terziotti, S.A., Metals in bed sediments of rivers of the Albemarle-Pamlico drainage in North Carolina and Virginia: A comparison of NAWQA and NURE data: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs,1995 Annual Meeting, New Orleans, Louisiana, November 6–9, no. 41616, p. A-106.

Harned, D.A., 1999, Assessment of nutrient trends and loads for the Mobile River Basin [abs.]: 13th Annual Conference on Water Resources, Symposium Alabama Section of the American Water Resources Association, Sept. 8-9, 1999, Gulf Shores, Ala.

Harned, D.A., 1999, Trends and nutrient loads for the Mobile River Basin, Alabama, Georgia, and Mississippi, 1970-97 [abs.], in AGU Fall Meeting, supplement to Eos Transactions: American Geophysical Union, v. 80, no. 46, November 16, 1999, p. F461-F462.

Harned, D.A., 2000, The Mobile River basin water-quality assessment—Results of nutrients and pesticide monitoring 1999-2000 [abs.]: 14th Annual Conference on Water Resources, Symposium Alabama Section of the American Water Resources Association, Sept. 6-8, 2000, Gulf Shores, Ala.

Harned, D.A., 2001, The Mobile River basin water-quality assessment—Results of surface-water quality monitoring in Alabama 1999-2000 [abs.]: 50th Annual Meeting Southeastern Section Geological Society of America, Apr. 5-6, 2001, Abstracts with Programs, Abs-3862, p. 52.

Harned, D.A., and Atkins, J.B., 1999, Assessment of nutrient trends and loads for the Mobile River Basin: Proceedings of the 29th Mississippi Water Resources Conference, Apr. 7-8, 1999, Raymond, Miss., p. 72-75.

Hoos, Anne B.,  and Gerard McMahon, Spatial Analysis of Instream Nitrogen Loads and Factors Controlling Nitrogen Delivery to Streams in the Southeastern United States Using Spatially-Referenced Regression on Watershed Attributes (SPARROW) and Regional Classification Frameworks, in editorial review prior to director's approval and submission to JAWRA.

Hoos, Anne, and McMahon Gerard, 2006, Effect of stream-network resolution (1:250,000- versus 1:100,000-scale hydrography) on calibration of a nutrient SPARROW model for the Southeast U.S.: Proceedings of the National Water-Quality Monitoring Council National Monitoring Conference, May 8-12, 2006, San Jose CA.

Hoos, A.B. and McMahon, Gerard, 2006, Application of regression-modeled estimates of stream nutrient loads to support nutrient-management strategies, Southeastern United States, in proceedings of the International Conference of Shellfish Restoration, Charleston, S.C., 2006

Hoos, A.B., and McMahon, Gerard, 2008, Characterizing spatial variation in nitrogen delivery to streams in the Tennessee River Basin, accepted for presentation at the 18th Tennessee Water Resources Symposium, Burns, Tenn., 2008.

Kashuba, Roxolana, Cha, YoonKyung, Alameddine, Ibrahim, Lee, Boknam, and Cuffney, T.F., 2010, Multilevel hierarchical modeling of benthic macroinvertebrate responses to urbanization in nine metropolitan regions across the conterminous United States: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009–5243, 88 p.

Lloyd, O.B., Jr., Barnes, C.R., and Woodside, M.D., 1991, National Water-Quality Assessment Program--The Albemarle-Pamlico drainage: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 91-156, 2 p.

Manning, T.K., Smith, K.E., Wood, C.D., and Williams, J.B., 1994, Pesticide-sampling equipment, sample-collection and processing procedures, and water-quality data at Chicod Creek, North Carolina, 1992: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-50, 35 p.

McMahon, Gerard, 1995, The role of information in developing rational watershed management plans: Geological Society of America, 1995 Fall Meeting, New Orleans, La.

McMahon, Gerard, Alexander, R.B., and Qian, Song, 2003, Support of TMDL programs using spatially referenced regression models, American Society of Civil Engineers Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, v. 129, no. 4, p. 315-329.

McMahon, Gerard, Bales, J.D., Coles, J.F., Giddings, E.M.P., and Zappia, Humbert, 2003, Use of stage data to characterize hydrologic conditions in an urbanizing environment: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 39, no. 6, p. 1529-1546.

McMahon, Gerard, and Cuffney, T.F., 2000, Quantifying urban intensity in drainage basins for assessing stream ecological conditions: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 36, no.6, p. 1247-1261.

McMahon, Gerard, and Cuffney, T.F., 1999, A process for characterizing urban land-use intensity in drainage basins [abs.], in Sakrison, Rodney, and Sturtevant, Peter, eds., Proceedings of AWRA's 1999 Annual Water Resources Conference, Watershed Management to Protect Declining Species, December 5-9, 1999, Seattle, Wash.: Washington State Section of the American Water Resources Association, p. 257-260.

McMahon, Gerard, Gregonis, S.M., Waltman, S.W., Omernik, J.M., Thorson, T.D., Freeouf, J.A., Rorick, A.H., and Keys, J.E., 2001, Developing a spatial framework of common ecological regions for the conterminous United States: Environmental Management, v. 28, no. 3, p. 293-316.

McMahon, Gerard, and Harned, D.A., 1997, The influence of soil drainage characteristics on triazine concentrations in the Contentnea Creek drainage basin of North Carolina, 1993–95 [abs]: Managing Albemarle-Pamlico Sounds: CCMP Implementation Forum, New Bern, N.C., June 5–6.

McMahon, Gerard, and Harned, D.A., 1995, Effects of environmental setting on sediment, nitrogen, and phosphorus concentrations in watersheds of the Albemarle-Pamlico Drainage Basin, North Carolina and Virginia [abs.], American Geophysical Union 1995 Fall Meeting, December 11-15, 1995, San Francisco, Calif., in Supplement to Eos, Transactions: Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union, v. 76, no. 46, p. F260.

McMahon, Gerard, and Harned, D.A., 1998, Effect of environmental setting on sediment, nitrogen, and phosphorus concentrations in Albemarle-Pamlico Drainage Basin, North Carolina and Virginia, USA: Environmental Management v. 22, no. 6, p. 887–903.

McMahon, Gerard, and Lloyd, O.B., Jr., 1995, Water-quality assessment of the Albemarle-Pamlico drainage basin, North Carolina and Virginia--Environmental setting and water-quality issues: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-136, 72 p.

McMahon, Gerard, Qian, Song, and Roessler, Chris, 2002, A regression-based approach to assessing stream nitrogen impairment probabilities [abs.], in Spring Meeting Supplement, 2002 AGU Spring Meeting, Washington, DC, May 28-31, 2002: American Geophysical Union, v. 83, no. 19, Abstract H52B-04.

McMahon, Gerard, and Roessler, Chris, 2002, A regression-based approach to understand baseline total nitrogen loading for TMDL planning: National TMDL Science and Policy 2002 Speciality Conf., Water Environment Federation, 27 p.

McMahon, Gerard and Woodside, M.D., 1997, Estimating a nutrient mass balance for major drainage areas of the Albemarle-Pamlico Drainage Basin, North Carolina and Virginia: Albemarle-Pamlico Estuarine Study Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan Implementation Forum, June 5-6.

McMahon, Gerard and Woodside, M.D., 1997, Nutrient mass balance for the Albemarle-Pamlico Drainage Basin, North Carolina and Virginia, 1990: Journal of the American Water Resources Association. v. 33, no. 3, June 1997, p. 573-589.

McMahon, Gerard and Woodside, M.D., 1994, Nitrogen mass balance for major drainage areas of the Albemarle-Pamlico Drainage Basin, North Carolina and Virginia [abs.]: American Geophysical Union 1994 Fall Meeting, December 5-9, 1994, San Francisco, California, p. 229.

McMahon, Gerard, 2007. Consequences of land-cover misclassification in models of impervious surface. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing. 73(12): 1343-1353.

McMahon, Gerard, Tervelt, L., and Donahoo, M., 2006, Regional-scale point source nutrient load estimation in support of SPARROW nutrient models: Proceedings of the National Water-Quality Monitoring Council National Monitoring Conference, May 8-12, 2006, San Jose CA

McMahon, Gerard, Larinda Tervelt, and William Donehoo, 2007, Methods for Estimating Annual Wastewater Nutrient Loads in the Southeastern United States, U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007–1040

McMahon, G., Benjamin, S.P., Clarke, K., Findley, J.E., Fisher, R.N., Graf, W.L., Gundersen, L.C., Jones. J.W., Loveland, T.R., Roth K.S., Usery, E.L., and Wood, N.J., 2005, Geography for a changing world: A science strategy for the geographic research of the U.S. Geological Survey, 2005-2015.  U.S. Geological Survey Circular.

McMahon, Gerard, Wiken, E.B., and Gauthier, D.A., 2004, Toward a scientifically rigorous basis for developing mapped ecological regions: Environmental Management, v. 34, suppl. 1, p. S111-S124

Meador, M.R., Hupp, C.R., Cuffney, T.F., and Gurtz, M.E., 1993, Methods of characterizing stream habitat as part of the National Water Quality Assessment Program: U.S Geological Survey Open File Report 93-408, 48 p.

Mooreman, M., 2006, The pristine watersheds of Albert D'Agostini national Park, Chile: A look at the extent of invasive exotics and native stream biodiversity: Proceedings of the National Water-Quality Monitoring Council National Monitoring Conference, May 8-12, 2006, San Jose CA.

Newcomb, D.J., 1996, A comparison of GIRAS agricultural land-use data, with 1994 large-scale agricultural data: U.S. Geological Survey National Computer Technology Meeting, May 20.

Porter, S.D., Cuffney, T.F., Gurtz, M.E., and Meador, M.R., 1993, Methods for collecting algal samples as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-409, 39 p.

Roxolana Kashuba, Yoon Kyung Cha, Ibrahim Alameddine, Boknam Lee, Multilevel Hierarchical Modeling of Benthic Macroinvertebrate Responses to Urbanization in Nine Metropolitan Areas across the Conterminous United States, USGS OFR, in preparation

Ruhl, P.M., 1994, Intra-site variability of fish community samples collected in the Coastal Plain--Albemarle-Pamlico Drainage: Association of Southeastern Biologists Bulletin v. 41, no. 2.

Ruhl, P.M., Angermeier, P.L., and Smogor, Roy, 1996, Relations between fish assemblages and environmental conditions in small Coastal Plain streams in the Albemarle-Pamlico Drainage Basin, North Carolina: [abs.] Annual meeting of the American Fisheries Society, August 1997, Monterey, California.

Ruhl, P.M., and Smith, K.E., 1996, Water-quality assessment of the Albemarle-Pamlico drainage basin, North Carolina and Virginia.Trace elements in Asiatic clam (Corbicula fluminea) soft tissues and redbreast sunfish (Lepomis auritus) livers, 1992-93: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-334, 6 p.

Short, T.M., Giddings, E.M.P., Zappia, H.  and Coles, J.C.,  2005. Relations of stream habitat and landscape urbanization in contrasting environmental settings.  In L.R. Brown, R.H. Gray, H. Hughes, M.R. Meador, editors. Effects of urbanization on aquatic ecosystems. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, MD.

Skrobialowski, S.C., 1996, Water-quality assessment of the Albemarle-Pamlico drainage basin, North Carolina and Virginia.A summary of selected trace element, nutrient, and pesticide data for bed sediments, 1969-90: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4104, 33 p.

Smith, K.E., and Ruhl, P.M., 1996, Water-quality assessment of the Albemarle-Pamlico drainage basin, North Carolina and Virginia.Organochlorine compounds in Asiatic clam (Corbicula fluminea) soft tissues and whole redbreast sunfish (Lepomis auritus), 1992-93: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-201, 6 p.

Song S. Qian, Thomas F. Cuffney , Ibrahim Alameddine , Gerald McMahon , Kenneth H. Reckhow, On the Application of Multilevel Modeling in Environmental and Ecological Studies, journal article in preparation.

Spruill, T.B., 2004, Effectiveness of riparian buffers in controlling ground-water discharge of nitrate to streams in selected hydrogeologic settings of the North Carolina Coastal Plain: Water Science and Technology, v. 49, no. 3, p. 63-70.

Spruill, T.B., 2000, Statistical evaluation of effects of riparian buffers on nitrate and ground-water quality: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 29, no. 5, p. 1523-1538.

Spruill, T.B., 1997, Geologic sources of phosphorus in the Neuse River and implications for management: Albemarle-Pamlico Estuarine Study Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan Implementation Forum, June 5-6.

Spruill, T.B., 1994, Preliminary results from ground-water studies in an agricultural watershed of the Coastal Plain of North Carolina in Pederson, G.L., ed., National Symposium on Water Quality: American Water Resource Association Technical Publications Series 94-4, p. 201.

Spruill, T.B., Eimers, J.L., and Morey, A.E , 1996, Nitrate-nitrogen concentrations in shallow ground water of the Coastal Plain of the Albemarle-Pamlico Drainage Study Unit, North Carolina and Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet FS-241-96, 4 p.

Spruill, T.B., and Galeone, D.R., 2000, Effectiveness of riparian buffers in reducing nitrate-nitrogen concentrations in ground water: American Water Resource Association Proceedings, International Conference on Riparain Ecology and Management in Multi-land Use Watersheds, p. 119-124.

Spruill, T.B., Harned, D.A., Ruhl, P.M., Eimers, J.L., McMahon, Gerard, Smith, K.E., Galeone, D.R., and Woodside, M.D., 1998, Water quality in the Albemarle-Pamlico drainage basin, North Carolina and Virginia, 1992-95: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1157, 36 p.

Spruill, T.B., Harned, D.A., and McMahon, Gerard, 1995, The Albemarle-Pamlico drainage National Water-Quality Assessment Study: Background and design: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File report 95-164, 4 p.

Spruill, T.B., Woodside, M.D., Harned, D.A., McMahon, Gerard, and Eimers, J.L., 1996, Results of the Albemarle-Pamlico drainage NAWQA—Nutrients and pesticides in surface water and ground water in Proceedings, Solutions—A technical conference on water quality: Raleigh, North Carolina State University, March 19–21, p. 24–30.
Abstract of the above report with figures.

Spruill, T.B., Williams, J.B., Galeone, D.R., and Harned, D.A., 1997, Radon in ground water in Guilford County, North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet FS-147-97, 4 p.

Spruill, T.B., Showers, W.J., and Howe, S.S., 2002, Application of classification-tree methods to identify nitrate sources in ground water: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 31, no. 5, p. 1538-1549.
Abstract with Article

Spruill, T.B., Bratton, J., Crusius, J., Wrege, B., and Strickland, G., 2005, A preliminary evaluation of nutrient and ground-water fluxes to the Neuse River Estuary: 2005 Annual Conference of Water Resources Research Institute, April 4-5.

Spruill, T.B., Bratton, John F., 2007, Estimation of groundwater and nutrient fluxes to the Neuse River Estuary, North Carolina: Estuaries and Coasts (2008) 31:501–520.

Spruill, T.B., 2004, Effectiveness of riparian buffers in controlling ground-water discharge of nitrate to streams in selected hydrogeologic settings of the North Carolina Coastal Plain: Water Science and Technology, v. 49, no. 3, p. 63-70.

Spruill, T.B., Tesoriero, A.J., Mew, H.E., Jr., Farrell, K.M., Harden, S.L., Colosimo, A.B., and Kraemer, S.R., 2005, Geochemistry and characteristics of nitrogen transport at a confined animal feeding operation in a Coastal Plain agricultural watershed, and implications for nutrient loading in the Neuse River Basin, North Carolina, 1999-2002: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5283, 57 p.

Staub, E.L., Peak, K.L., Tighe, K.C., Sadorf, E.M., and Harned, D.A., 2009, Data used in analysis of trends, and nutrient and suspended-sediment loads for streams in the Southeastern United States, 1973–2005: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 488.

Tate, C.M., Cuffney, T.F., McMahon, G., Giddings, E.M.P., Coles, J.C., and Zappia, H., 2005, Use of an urban intensity index to assess urban effects on streams in three contrasting environmental settings: In L.R. Brown, R.H.Gray, H. Hughes, and M.R. Meador, editors, Effects of urbanization on aquatic ecosystems, American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, MD.

Terziotti, S.E., Hoos, A.B., and Harned, D.A., Mapping naturally occurring phosphorus concentration in the southeastern United States, accepted for presentation at the Geological Society of America Southeastern Section Meeting, Charlotte, N.C., 2008.

Tesoriero, A.J., Spruill, T.B., Mew, H.E., Jr., Farrell, K.M., and Harden, S.L., 2005, Nitrogen transport and transformation in a coastal plain watershed: Influence of geomorphology on flow paths and residence times: Water Resources Research, v. 41, W02008, doi: 10.1029/2003WR002953, 15 p.

Tesoriero, A.J., Spruill, T.B., and Eimers, J.L., 2004, Geochemistry of shallow ground water in coastal plain environments in the southeastern United State—Implications for aquifer susceptibility: Applied Geochemistry, v. 19, issue 9, p. 1471-1482.

Woodside, M.D., 1994, Land use in and water quality of the Pea Hill arm of Lake Gaston, Virginia and North Carolina, 1988-90: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigation Report 94-4140, 54 p.

Woodside, M.D., and Simerl, B.R., 1995, Land use and nutrient concentrations and yields in selected streams in the Albemarle-Pamlico Drainage Basin, North Carolina and Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-457, 4 p.

Woodside, M.D., and Simerl, B.R., 1996, Water-quality assessment of the Albemarle-Pamlico Basin, North Carolina and Virginia.Chemical analyses of organic compounds and inorganic constituents in streambed sediment, 1992-93: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-103, 25 p.

Woodside, M.D., and McMahon, Gerard, 1994, Assessment of triazine herbicides in North Carolina and Virginia streams by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [abs.]: in Sorenson, S.K., ed., 1994, Proceedings abstracts American Water Resources Association's symposium on the National Water-Quality Assessment Program, November 7-9, 1994, Chicago, Illinois: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-397, p. 9.

Wolock, D.M., Winter, T.C., and McMahon, G., 2004, Delineation and evaluation of hydrologic-landscape regions in the United States using geographic information system tools and multivariate analysis, Environmental Management, ISSN: 1432-1009.